Abstract
The present opinion deals with the re-evaluation of neotame (E 961) as a food additive. Neotame is the chemically manufactured compound N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-l-α-aspartyl]-l-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester. The main impurity of neotame (E 961) is also a degradation product (de-esterified form), N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-l-α-aspartyl]-l-phenylalanine (NC-00751) and the primary metabolite. No new data were received following the call for biological and toxicological data. A summary of the toxicological studies available in the EFSA opinion of 2007 is presented and studies gathered from the literature are summarised. Neotame is rapidly absorbed and pre-systemically metabolised, systemic intact neotame is likely to be excreted in the urine with its metabolites. The potential aneugenic effects at the site of contact are not expected to occur; overall, there is no concern for genotoxicity of neotame (E 961) at the maximum permitted levels or reported use levels. A review of the other endpoints from the already available toxicological database did not indicate an adverse effect for neotame at the highest doses tested. The Panel established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 10 mg/kg bw per day for neotame based on the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 1000 mg/kg bw per day from a 52-week chronic and 104-week carcinogenicity studies in rats. This ADI replaces the ADI of 2 mg/kg bw per day established by EFSA in 2007. The resulting exposure to methanol and its metabolite formaldehyde from the use of neotame at the ADI of 10 mg/kg bw per day does not raise a concern. The dietary exposure estimates of neotame (E 961) for the different population groups of all exposure scenarios did not exceed the ADI. The Panel concluded that there is no safety concern for neotame (E 961) at the currently permitted and reported uses and use levels. The Panel recommended the European Commission to consider revising the EU specifications of neotame (E 961).
Summary
As part of the framework for the re-evaluation of all food additives authorised for use in the European Union before January 2009, the European Commission requested the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to re-assess the safety of the low/no calorie sweetener neotame.
Following a comprehensive evaluation of the available scientific evidence, including data from in vitro tests, toxicological studies in animals, interventional studies in humans, and dietary exposure estimates, EFSA experts reconfirmed that neotame poses no safety concerns at the currently permitted and reported uses and use levels.
As a result of this assessment, EFSA increased the previous Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), established in 2007, from 2 to 10 mg/kg body weight per day for neotame.